Legal system and judicial administration. Lawyer regulation, legal aid, prison management, and legislative drafting support.

Social welfare and civil administration. Social assistance, charity regulation, community governance, and marriage registration.

Public security and law enforcement. Police services, immigration, cybercrime, and social stability maintenance. Oversees national ID system.

Emergency response and disaster management. Workplace safety, fire rescue, and earthquake response. Oversees coal mine safety.

Land, mineral, and marine resource management. Land use planning, mining rights, and ocean development. Manages rare earth resources.

Energy policy and regulation. Oil, gas, coal, nuclear, renewable energy planning. Electricity market reform and energy security.

Drug and medical device approval. Clinical trial oversight, drug safety monitoring, and pharmaceutical regulation. China's FDA equivalent.

Public health policy and healthcare regulation. Hospital management, drug approval (with NMPA), disease prevention, and medical reform.

Cultural heritage protection and museum management. Archaeological sites, cultural relics, and international cultural exchanges.

Employment policy, social insurance, and labor relations. Pension system, unemployment insurance, and vocational training programs.