Ministry of Finance
Government budget, taxation, and fiscal policy. Manages national debt, government bonds, and fiscal transfers to local governments.
📆National Development and Reform Commission
Macroeconomic planning and reform. Five-year plans, price regulation, energy policy, and major project approvals. 'Super ministry' of China.
📆National Financial Regulatory Administration
Unified banking and insurance regulator (successor to CBIRC). Supervises banks, insurance companies, and financial holding companies.
📆China Securities Regulatory Commission
Securities market regulator. IPO approvals, market surveillance, investor protection. Oversees Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing stock exchanges.
📆People’s Bank of China
China's central bank. Sets monetary policy, manages RMB, regulates financial markets, and oversees payment systems. Issues digital yuan.
📆Ministry of Commerce
Trade policy, foreign investment, and domestic commerce. Negotiates trade agreements, manages export controls, and promotes Belt and Road.
📆Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
China's industrial policy maker. Manages manufacturing, telecom, software, and new energy vehicles. Issues 5G licenses and EV subsidies.
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